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GALATIA
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Galatia
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OUTLINE
of Galatians
I. INTRODUCTION: The Rightness of Paul’s Gospel Asserted, 1:1-10
A. Greeting, 1:1-4 (NKJV)
B. Loyalty to the Gospel
1. No Other Gospel, 1:6-10 (NIV & NABRE)
II. JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH DEFENDED: Paul’s Authority, 1:11 – 2:21
A. Paul Defends His Ministry: His Authority Acquired Through Revelation, 1:11-24 (NIV(*) & NASB)
1. Paul Called by God to Apostleship, 1:11-17 (NKJV & NIV)
2. Contacts at Jerusalem, 1:18-24 (NKJV)
B. The Council at Jerusalem: His Authority Approved by the Church in Jerusalem, 2:1-10 [NASB & NIV(*)]
C. His Authority Acknowledged in the Rebuke of Peter, 2:11-21
1. The Jewish-Gentile controversy: No Return to the Law, 2:11-21 (CEB & NKJV)
a. Peter’s Inconsistency at Antioch, 2:11-14 (NABRE)
b. Faith and Works: Justified by Faith in Christ, 2:15-21 (NABRE & LEB)
III. FAITH AND LIBERTY: Justification by Faith Explained: Paul’s Gospel, 3:1 – 4:31 (NABRE & NIV(*)
A. The Argument from Experience: Works versus the Spirit, 3:1-5 (NIV(*) & (CEB)
B. The Argument from Abraham, 3:6-9 (NIV(*)
1. Abraham: an example of righteousness (CEB)
C. The Argument from the Law, 3:10-4:11 (NIV(*)
1. The Law Brings a Curse, 3:10-14 (NKJV)
2. The Changeless Promise: The Promise to Abraham and His Descendant, 3:15-18 (NKJV & LEB)
3. The Addition of the Law, 3:19-29 (LEB)
a. Purpose of the Law, 3:19-25 (NKJV)
b. Sons and Heirs, 3:26-29 (NKJV)
4. No Longer Slaves But Sons and Heirs, 4:1-7 (LEB)
5. Do Not Be Enslaved Again, 4:8-12 (LEB)
D. The Argument from Personal Testimony, 4:13-20 (NIV(*)
1. Paul’s Personal Appeal to former loyalty, 4:13-20 (LEB & NABRE)
E. The Argument from an Allegory, 4:21-31
1. An Allegory on Christian Freedom, 4:21-31 (NABRE)
a. Hagar and Sarah Represent Two Covenants (LEB)
IV. EXHORTATION TO CHRISTIAN LIVING
A. Justification by Faith Applied: Paul’s Ethics, 5:1 – 6:10 (NIV(*)
1. In Relation to Christian Liberty, 5:1-15 (NIV(*)
a. Live in Freedom and Love One Another
2. In Relation to the Flesh and the Spirit, 5:16-26 (NIV(*)
a. Live by the Spirit and Reject the Deeds of the Flesh
a’. Two different ways of living: God’s Spirit and Our Own Desires, 5:16-25 (CEB & CEB)
3. In Relation to a Sinning Brother, 6:1-5 (NIV(*)
a. Bear and Share the Burdens (Carry One Another’s Burdens), 6:1-5 (NKJV & LEB)
4. In Relation to Giving, 6:6-10 (NIV(*)
a. Be Generous and Do Good (Do Good to All People), 6:6-10 (NKJV & LEB)
V. CONCLUSION: The Substance of Paul’s Instruction, 6:11-18 (NIV(*)
A. A Final Warning, 6:11-16 (LEB)
1. Not Circumcision but the New Creation: Glory Only in the Cross, 6:11-16 (NIV & NKJV)
B. Conclusion and Benediction, 6:17,18 (LEB)
(*) Bible. English. New International. 1986. The Ryrie study Bible.
3) Notes
Galatians 5 New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE)
Footnotes:
a. 5:1–6 Paul begins the exhortations, continuing through Gal 6:10, with an
appeal to the Galatians to side with freedom instead of slavery (Gal 5:1). He
reiterates his message of justification or righteousness by faith instead of
law and circumcision (Gal 5:2–5); cf. Gal 2:16; 3:3. Faith, not circumcision, is what counts (Gal 5:6).
b. 5:1 Freedom: Paul stresses as the conclusion from
the allegory in Gal 4:21–31 this
result of Christ’s work for us. It is a principle previously mentioned
(Gal 2:4), the
responsible use of which Gal 5:13 will
emphasize.
c. 5:3 Cf. Gal 3:10–12. Just as
those who seek to live by the law must carry out all its contents, so those who
have faith and live by promise must stand firm in their freedom (Gal 5:1, 13).
d. 5:6 Cf. Rom 2:25–26; 1 Cor 7:19; Gal 6:15. The Greek
for faith working through love or “faith expressing itself through
love” can also be rendered as “faith energized by (God’s) love.”
e. 5:7–12 Paul addresses the Galatians directly: with
questions (Gal 5:7, 11), a proverb (Gal 5:9), a statement
(Gal 5:8), and biting
sarcasm (Gal 5:12), seeking to
persuade the Galatians to break with those trying to add law and circumcision
to Christ as a basis for salvation.
f. 5:7 Running well: as in an athletic contest; cf. Gal 2:2; 1 Cor 9:24–26; Phil 2:16; 3:14.
h. 5:11 Preaching circumcision: this could refer to
Paul’s pre-Christian period (possibly as a missionary for Judaism); more
probably it arose as a charge from opponents, based perhaps on the story in Acts 16:1–3 that Paul
had circumcised Timothy “on account of the Jews.” Unlike
the Gentile Titus in Gal 2:3, Timothy was
the son of a Jewish mother. The stumbling block of the cross: cf. 1 Cor 1:23.
i. 5:12 A sarcastic half-wish that their knife would go
beyond mere circumcision; cf. Phil 3:2 and the
note there.
j. 5:13–26 In light of another reminder of the freedom of
the gospel (Gal 5:13; cf. Gal 5:1), Paul
elaborates on what believers are called to do and be: they fulfill the law by
love of neighbor (Gal 5:14–15), walking in
the Spirit (Gal 5:16–26), as is
illustrated by concrete fruit of the Spirit in their lives.
l. 5:14 Lv 19:18, emphasized by
Jesus (Mt 22:39; Lk 10:27); cf. Rom 13:8–10.
m. 5:16–25 Spirit…flesh: cf. Gal 3:3 and the note
on Rom 8:1–13.
n. 5:19–23 Such lists of vices and virtues (cf. Rom 1:29–31; 1 Cor 6:9–10) were common in the ancient world. Paul contrasts works
of the flesh (Gal 5:19) with fruit (not
“works”) of the Spirit (Gal 5:22). Not law, but the Spirit, leads to such
traits.
o. 5:21 Occasions of envy: after the Greek word phthonoi,
“envies,” some manuscripts add a similar sounding one, phonoi, “murders.”
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