Romans 4 New King James Version (NKJV)
Abraham Justified by Faith
4 What then shall we say that Abraham our father[a] has found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God. 3 For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was [b]accounted to him for righteousness.” 4 Now to him who works, the wages are not counted [c]as grace but as debt.
David Celebrates the Same Truth
5 But to him who does not work but believes on Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is accounted for righteousness, 6 just as David also describes the blessedness of the man to whom God imputes righteousness apart from works:
7
“Blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven,
And whose sins are covered;
8
Blessed is the man to whom the Lord shall not impute sin.”
Abraham Justified Before Circumcision
9 Does this blessedness then come upon the circumcised only, or upon the uncircumcised also? For we say that faith was accounted to Abraham for righteousness. 10 How then was it accounted? While he was circumcised, or uncircumcised? Not while circumcised, but while uncircumcised. 11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while still uncircumcised, that he might be the father of all those who believe, though they are uncircumcised, that righteousness might be imputed to them also, 12 and the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also walk in the steps of the faith which our father Abraham had while still uncircumcised.
The Promise Granted Through Faith
13 For the promise that he would be the heir of the world was not to Abraham or to his seed through the law, but through the righteousness of faith. 14 For if those who are of the law are heirs, faith is made void and the promise made of no effect, 15 because the law brings about wrath; for where there is no law there is no transgression.
16 Therefore it is of faith that it might be according to grace, so that the promise might be [d]sure to all the seed, not only to those who are of the law, but also to those who are of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all 17 (as it is written, “I have made you a father of many nations”) in the presence of Him whom he believed—God, who gives life to the dead and calls those things which do not exist as though they did; 18 who, contrary to hope, in hope believed, so that he became the father of many nations, according to what was spoken, “So shall your descendants be.” 19 And not being weak in faith, he did not consider his own body, already dead (since he was about a hundred years old), and the deadness of Sarah’s womb. 20 He did not waver at the promise of God through unbelief, but was strengthened in faith, giving glory to God, 21 and being fully convinced that what He had promised He was also able to perform. 22 And therefore “it was accounted to him for righteousness.”
23 Now it was not written for his sake alone that it was imputed to him, 24 but also for us. It shall be imputed to us who believe in Him who raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead, 25 who was delivered up because of our offenses, and was raised because of our justification.
Footnotes:
- Romans 4:1 Or (fore)father according to the flesh has found?
- Romans 4:3 imputed, credited, reckoned, counted
- Romans 4:4 according to
- Romans 4:16 certain
1) Romans 4 New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE): https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+4&version=NABRE
Footnotes:
- 4:1–25 This is an expanded treatment of the significance of Abraham’s faith, which Paul discusses in Gal 3:6–18; see notes there.
- 4:2–5 Rom 4:2 corresponds to Rom 4:4, and Rom 4:3–5. The Greek term here rendered credited means “made an entry.” The context determines whether it is credit or debit. Rom 4:8 speaks of “recording sin” as a debit. Paul’s repeated use of accountants’ terminology in this and other passages can be traced both to the Old Testament texts he quotes and to his business activity as a tentmaker. The commercial term in Gn 15:6, “credited it to him,” reminds Paul in Rom 4:7–8 of Ps 32:2, in which the same term is used and applied to forgiveness of sins. Thus Paul is able to argue that Abraham’s faith involved receipt of forgiveness of sins and that all believers benefit as he did through faith.
- 4:3 Jas 2:24 appears to conflict with Paul’s statement. However, James combats the error of extremists who used the doctrine of justification through faith as a screen for moral self-determination. Paul discusses the subject of holiness in greater detail than does James and beginning with Rom 6 shows how justification through faith introduces one to the gift of a new life in Christ through the power of the holy Spirit.
- 4:9 Blessedness: evidence of divine favor.
- 4:15 Law has the negative function of bringing the deep-seated rebellion against God to the surface in specific sins; see note on Rom 1:18–32.
- 4:20 He did not doubt God’s promise in unbelief: any doubts Abraham might have had were resolved in commitment to God’s promise. Hb 11:8–12 emphasizes the faith of Abraham and Sarah.
2) Romans 4 New International Version (NIV): https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+4&version=NIV
Footnotes:
- Romans 4:3 Gen. 15:6; also in verse 22
- Romans 4:8 Psalm 32:1,2
- Romans 4:17 Gen. 17:5
- Romans 4:18 Gen. 15:5
Outline of Romans (*)
(…)
III. RIGHTEOUSNESS IMPUTED; JUSTIFICATION, SALVATION, 3:21-5:21
(…)
1.1 Faith in God
2.1 Abraham’s Faith Confirmed
Hebrews 11:17-19 with Genesis 22:1-14
1.1 Faith in God
Hebrews 11:6
1.2 Definition
of Faith
2. Abraham's
Journey of Faith
Hebrews 11:8 with Genesis 12:1-5
Hebrews 11:9 with Genesis 35:27
Hebrews 11:11 with Genesis 18:11-14; 21:2
Hebrews 11:12 with Genesis 15:5; 22:17
Hebrews 11:17 with Genesis 22:1-14
Hebrews 11:11 with Genesis 18:11-14; 21:2
Hebrews 11:12 with Genesis 15:5; 22:17
Hebrews 11:17 with Genesis 22:1-14
Hebrews 11:8-10 New King James Version (NKJV)
8 By faith Abraham obeyed
when he was called to go out to the place which he would receive as an
inheritance. And he went out, not knowing where he was going. 9 By
faith he dwelt in the land of promise as in a foreign country, dwelling in tents with Isaac and
Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise; 10 for he waited
for the city which has foundations, whose builder and maker is God.
2.1 Abraham’s Faith Confirmed
Hebrews 11:17-19 with Genesis 22:1-14
Hebrews 11:17-19 New King James Version (NKJV)
17 By faith Abraham, when he was tested, offered up
Isaac, and he who had received the promises offered up his only begotten son, 18
of whom it was said, “In Isaac your seed shall be called,” 19 concluding
that God was able to
raise him up, even from the
dead, from which he also received him in a figurative sense.
A.
The Description of Righteousness, 3:21-31
B.
The Illustration of Righteousness, 4:1-25
1.
Abraham’s faith was apart from works, 1-8
1.1 Abraham Justified by Faith, 1-4
a. If by
works, then he could boast (1-2),
b. The Scriptures reveal it was by his faith in God (3), Gn 15:5,6, Galatians 3:6...
c. One who trusts in works, seeks God's debt, not His grace (4)
Abraham's Faith in God
(Romans
4:1-8 with Genesis 15:1-7)
and
also Galatians 3:6; James 2:23
Genesis 15:6
Romans 4:3
Genesis 15:6
Romans 4:3
Genesis15:5 Then He brought him outside and said, “Look now toward
heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them.” And He
said to him, “So shall your descendants be.”
6 And
he believed in the LORD, and
He accounted it to him for righteousness. [NKJV]
Romans 4:3 For
what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for
righteousness.” [NKJV]
Galatians 3:6 just as Abraham “believed God, and it was accounted to
him for righteousness.” 7 Therefore know that only those who are of faith are
sons of Abraham. 8 And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would
justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel to Abraham beforehand, saying, “In you all the nations
shall be blessed.” 9 So then those who are of faith are blessed
with believing Abraham. [NKJV]
1.2
The Testimony of David 
David Celebrates the Same Truth, 5-8
David Celebrates the Same Truth, 5-8
a. Even
David spoke of God imputing righteousness apart from works (6)
b. Blessed are those against whom
God does not impute sins (7-8)
David's Faith
Romans 4:6-8 with Psalm 32:1,2
2.
Abraham’s faith was apart from circumcision, 9-12
2.1 His faith was counted for righteousness before he
was circumcised (9-10)
2.2 Circumcision was a seal of the righteousness he
had while uncircumcised (11a)
2.3 Thus he became the father of all who have the same
kind of faith, both circumcised and uncircumcised (11b-12
3.
Abraham Justified Before Circumcision, 13-25
3.1 Abraham’s faith was apart from the law, 13-15
a. The
promise to be the heir of the world given in view of his faith (13)
b. It was
not given through law (14-15)
Law
Faith in God
3.2 Abraham’s faith was in God, 16-25
Galatians, Chapter 3
Romans 4:17
a. But in
light of faith, according to grace, to assure that all who are of the same faith as Abraham
might be heirs of the promise (16-17), Genesis 17:5
b. The kind
of obedient faith illustrated by Abraham (18-22), Genesis 15:6; 17:17; Galatians 3:6-9ss,16
c. Abraham's
justification by faith assures that we who believe in Him who raised Jesus from the dead
shall find justification (23-25)
Genesis 12:7 New King James
Version (NKJV)
7 Then the Lord appeared
to Abram and said, “To your [a]descendants
I will give this land.” And there he built an altar to the Lord, who
had appeared to him.
Footnotes:
Galatians 3:16 New King James
Version (NKJV)
16 Now to Abraham and his Seed
were the promises made. He does not say, “And to seeds,” as of many, but as
of one, “And to your Seed,” who is Christ.
Romans 4:23 Now it was not written for his sake alone
that it was imputed to him, 24 but also for us. It shall be imputed
to us who believe in Him who raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead, 25 who
was delivered up because of our offenses, and was raised because of our
justification. (NKJV)
C.
The Benefits of Righteoussness, 5:1-11
D.
This Applicability of Righteousnesss, 5:12-21
(…)
(*) The Ryrie Study Bible – New International
Version, New King James Version – (NKJV), Bíblia Vida Nova and OUTLINE by Mark A. Copeland: http://www.ccel.org/contrib/exec_outlines/ro/ro_04.htm, with adaptations.
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